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Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris (French: Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris), known as Le Corbusier, was a French architect of Swiss origin, a pioneer of architectural modernism and functionalism, a representative of International Style architecture, as well as an artist and designer. He was born on 6 October 1887 in Switzerland, in the city of La Chaux-de-Fonds, in the French-speaking canton of Neuchâtel, into a family whose traditional occupation was watch enameling. At the age of 13 he enrolled in the School of Art in La Chaux-de-Fonds, where he studied applied arts under Charles L’Eplattenier. The School of Art’s curriculum was based on the ideas of the Arts and Crafts movement founded by J. Ruskin, as well as on the Art Nouveau style then popular. From the moment he entered this school, Édouard Jeanneret began to work independently in jewelry making, creating enamel pieces and engraving monograms on watch covers. Jeanneret undertook his first architectural project at the age of not yet 18, with the help of a professional architect. It was a house for the engraver Louis Fallet (the Fallet House), a member of the council of the School of Art. When construction was completed, with the money he had earned Jeanneret made his first educational trip — to Italy and the countries of Austria-Hungary. For about six months Jeanneret stayed in Vienna, where he worked on two new house projects for La Chaux-de-Fonds, studied the architecture of the Vienna Secession, and met artists and architects of that city, in particular the then very popular Josef Hoffmann. The journey ended in Paris, where Jeanneret spent more than two years working as a draughtsman intern in the architectural office of the brothers Auguste and Gustave Perret (1908–1910), innovators who promoted newly discovered reinforced concrete. In 1910 he interned for about six months, together with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius, in the studio of the renowned German master architect Peter Behrens near Berlin (Niederschönhausen). Later, in pursuit of self-education, Jeanneret undertook another journey, to the East (1911) — through Greece, the Balkans, and Asia Minor. Upon returning to his homeland, Je