Aristotle

Aristotle was an ancient Greek philosopher and scholar. He was a pupil of Plato. From 343 BCE, he was tutor to Alexander the Great. In 335/4 BCE, he founded the Lyceum (the Lyceum, or Peripatetic school). He was the founder of formal logic. He created a conceptual apparatus that still permeates the philosophical lexicon and the very style of scientific thought. Aristotle was the first scholar to create a comprehensive system of philosophy covering all spheres of human development — sociology, philosophy, politics, logic, and physics. His views on ontology had a significant influence on the subsequent development of human thought. Aristotle's metaphysical doctrine was adopted by Thomas Aquinas and developed by the scholastic method. Aristotle was born in Stageira, a Greek colony near Mount Athos, in 384 BCE. Aristotle's father was named Nicomachus; he was a physician at the court of Amyntas III, king of Macedon. Nicomachus came from a family of hereditary physicians in which the medical art was passed down from generation to generation. His father was Aristotle's first mentor. Even in childhood, Aristotle became acquainted with Philip, the future father of Alexander the Great, which played no small role in his later appointment as Alexander's tutor. In 369 BCE, Aristotle lost his parents. The young philosopher's guardian became Proxenus (later Aristotle spoke warmly of him, and when Proxenus died, he adopted his son Nicanor). Under the guidance of his guardian, Aristotle studied plants and animals, which later developed into a separate work, On the Generation of Animals. Aristotle's youth coincided with the beginning of Macedonia's rise to prominence. Aristotle received a Greek education and was a native speaker of the language; he sympathized with democratic forms of government, but at the same time he was a subject of the Macedonian ruler.

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