Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili delivered lectures on modern European philosophy to VGIK students in 1978–1979. In a clear, engaging manner, the author examines the main currents of twentieth-century philosophical thought, focusing on the works of Freud, Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Wittgenstein, and other great reformers of thought. This edition is the most comprehensive to date and is intended for a wide range of readers interested in current cultural issues.